Spring整合RabbitMQ

Spring整合RabbitMQ通常涉及以下步骤：

1. 添加依赖：确保在项目的pom.xml中添加了Spring AMQP和RabbitMQ的依赖。

<dependencies>
    <!-- Spring AMQP 依赖 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.18.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- RabbitMQ 客户端 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
        <artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
        <version>5.9.0</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

2. 配置RabbitMQ连接：在Spring配置文件中配置RabbitMQ连接信息。

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
 
    <bean id="connectionFactory" class="org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CachingConnectionFactory">
        <property name="host" value="localhost"/>
        <property name="port" value="5672"/>
        <property name="username" value="guest"/>
        <property name="password" value="guest"/>
    </bean>
 
    <bean id="rabbitTemplate" class="org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate">
        <property name="connectionFactory" ref="connectionFactory"/>
    </bean>
 
</beans>

3. 配置Queue、Exchange和Binding：在Spring配置文件中声明队列、交换器和绑定关系。

<rabbit:queue id="myQueue" name="myQueue" />
 
<rabbit:direct-exchange name="myExchange">
    <rabbit:bindings>
        <rabbit:binding queue="myQueue" key="myRoutingKey" />
    </rabbit:bindings>
</rabbit:direct-exchange>

4. 发送和接收消息：使用RabbitTemplate发送消息，并编写消息监听器处理接收到的消息。

// 发送消息
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("myExchange", "myRoutingKey", "Hello RabbitMQ!");
 
// 接收消息
@Component
public class MyMessageListener implements MessageListener {
    public void onMessage(Message message) {
        System.out.println("Received message: " + new String(message.getBody()));
    }
}

5. 配置监听器容器：在Spring配置文件中配置消息监听器容器，并指定队列和监听器。

<rabbit:listener-container connection-factory="connectionFactory">
    <rabbit:listener ref="myMessageListener" method="onMessage"