Spring Boot调用外部接口的三种方式

在Spring Boot中调用外部API接口，常见的方法有以下三种：

1. 使用Spring的RestTemplate
2. 使用Java的HttpURLConnection
3. 使用Apache的HttpClient

解决方案和示例代码如下：

1. 使用Spring的RestTemplate

RestTemplate是Spring提供的用于访问Rest服务的客户端，它提供了多种方法用于访问外部接口。

import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
 
public class RestClient {
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;
 
    public RestClient(RestTemplate restTemplate) {
        this.restTemplate = restTemplate;
    }
 
    public String get(String url) {
        return this.restTemplate.getForObject(url, String.class);
    }
 
    public String post(String url, String payload) {
        return this.restTemplate.postForObject(url, payload, String.class);
    }
}

2. 使用Java的HttpURLConnection

HttpURLConnection是Java的标准类，用于处理HTTP请求。

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
 
public class HttpURLConnectionClient {
    public String get(String url) throws Exception {
        URL obj = new URL(url);
        HttpURLConnection con = (HttpURLConnection) obj.openConnection();
 
        // 设置请求类型
        con.setRequestMethod("GET");
 
        int responseCode = con.getResponseCode();
        BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(con.getInputStream()));
        String inputLine;
        StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();
 
        while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) {
            response.append(inputLine);
        }
        in.close();
 
        return response.toString();
    }
 
    public String post(String url, String payload) throws Exception {
        URL obj = new URL(url);
        HttpURLConnection con = (HttpURLConnection) obj.openConnection();
 
        // 设置请求类型
        con.setRequestMethod("POST");
        con.setDoOutput(true);
 
        byte[] outputInBytes = payload.getBytes("UTF-8");
        con.getOutputStream().write(outputInBytes);
 
        int responseCode = con.getResponseCode();
        BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(con.getInputStream()));
        String inputLine;
        StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();
 
        while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) {
            response.append(inputLine);