掌握XML解析：深入比较Java中的四种解析方式

在Java中，有四种主要的XML解析方式：

1. 使用DOM解析器
2. 使用SAX解析器
3. 使用JDOM解析器
4. 使用DOM4J解析器

以下是每种解析器的简单示例代码：

1. 使用DOM解析器：

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
 
public class DOMParserExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            DocumentBuilderFactory dbFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
            DocumentBuilder dBuilder = dbFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
            Document doc = dBuilder.parse("example.xml");
            doc.getDocumentElement().normalize();
            System.out.println("Root element :" + doc.getDocumentElement().getNodeName());
            NodeList nList = doc.getElementsByTagName("Student");
 
            for (int temp = 0; temp < nList.getLength(); temp++) {
                org.w3c.dom.Node node = nList.item(temp);
                Element fstElmnt = (Element) node;
                System.out.println("First Name : " + getTagValue("firstname", fstElmnt));
                System.out.println("Last Name : " + getTagValue("lastname", fstElmnt));
                System.out.println("Nick Name : " + getTagValue("nickname", fstElmnt));
                System.out.println("Marks : " + getTagValue("marks", fstElmnt));
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
 
    private static String getTagValue(String tag, Element element) {
        NodeList nodeList = element.getElementsByTagName(tag).item(0).getChildNodes();
        Node node = (Node) nodeList.item(0);
        return node.getNodeValue();
    }
}

2. 使用SAX解析器：

import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;
 
public class SAXParserExample extends DefaultHandler {
 
    boolean bFirstName = false;
    boolean bLastName = false;
    boolean bNickName = false;
    boolean bMarks = false;
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
            SAXParser saxParser = factory.newSAXParser();
            DefaultHandler handler = new SAXParserExample();
            saxParser.parse("example.xml", handler);