python—requests模块详解

requests模块是Python中一个非常强大的模块，用于发送HTTP请求。

1. 发送GET请求

import requests
 
response = requests.get('https://www.google.com/')
print(response.text)

2. 发送POST请求

import requests
 
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
response = requests.post("https://httpbin.org/post", data=payload)
print(response.text)

3. 添加headers

import requests
 
headers = {'User-Agent': 'my-app/0.0.1'}
response = requests.get('https://www.google.com/', headers=headers)
print(response.text)

4. 添加cookies

import requests
 
cookies = {'cookies': 'value'}
response = requests.get('https://www.google.com/', cookies=cookies)
print(response.text)

5. 使用timeout

import requests
 
response = requests.get('https://www.google.com/', timeout=1)
print(response.text)

6. 使用proxies

import requests
 
proxies = {
  'http': 'http://10.10.1.10:3128',
  'https': 'http://10.10.1.10:1080',
}
response = requests.get('https://www.google.com/', proxies=proxies)
print(response.text)

7. 使用auth

import requests
 
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
 
response = requests.get('https://www.google.com/', auth=HTTPBasicAuth('user', 'pass'))
print(response.text)

8. 使用files

import requests
 
files = {'file': open('report.xls', 'rb')}
response = requests.post("https://httpbin.org/post", files=files)
print(response.text)

9. 使用json

import requests
 
json = {'key': 'value'}
response = requests.post("https://httpbin.org/post", json=json)
print(response.text)

10. 使用session

import requests
 
session = requests.Session()
session.auth = ('user', 'pass')
 
response = session.get('https://www.google.com/')
print(response.text)

11. 使用response

import requests
 
response = requests.get('https://www.google.com/')
 
print(response.status_code)  # 状态码
print(response.headers)      # 头部信息
print(response.cookies)      # cookies
print(response.url)          # URL
print(response.history)      # 历史记录

12. 处理HTTPS证书

import requests
 
response = requests.get('https://www.google.com/', verify=False)
print(response.text)

13. 处理超链接

import requests
 
response = requests.get('https://example.org/my_username/')
print(response.links['next']['url'])

14. 使用hooks

import requests
 
def my