Spring Cloud Gateway如何实现熔断

Spring Cloud Gateway 实现熔断可以通过集成 Hystrix 或 Spring Cloud Circuit Breaker 实现。以下是使用 Spring Cloud Circuit Breaker 的示例：

1. 添加依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
</dependency>

2. 在 application.yml 中配置 Hystrix：

hystrix:
  command:
    default:
      execution:
        isolation:
          thread:
            timeoutInMilliseconds: 1000

3. 创建一个自定义的 FallbackProvider 类：

import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.fallback.FallbackProvider;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
 
@Component
public class GatewayFallbackProvider implements FallbackProvider {
 
    @Override
    public String getRoute() {
        // 返回应用于所有路由的默认回退
        return "*";
    }
 
    @Override
    public ClientHttpResponse fallbackResponse(Throwable cause) {
        // 返回一个定制的Http响应
        return response(HttpStatus.SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE);
    }
 
    private ClientHttpResponse response(HttpStatus status) {
        return new ClientHttpResponse() {
            @Override
            public Flux<DataBuffer> getBody() {
                return Flux.empty();
            }
 
            @Override
            public HttpHeaders getHeaders() {
                HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
                headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
                return headers;
            }
 
            @Override
            public HttpStatus getStatusCode() {
                return status;
            }
 
            @Override
            public int getRawStatusCode() {
                return status.value();
            }
 
            @Override
            public String getStatusText() {
                return status.getReasonPhrase();
            }
 
            @Override
            public void close() {
                // NO-OP
            }
        };
    }
}

4. 确保在 Spring Cloud Gateway 配置中启用 Hystrix：

@Configuration
public class HystrixConfig {
 
    @Bean
    public HystrixCommandExecutionHo