Python 多线程和多进程并发执行

import time
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor, ProcessPoolExecutor
 
# 定义一个函数，模拟耗时任务
def long_running_task(task_name, delay):
    print(f"任务 {task_name} 开始执行")
    time.sleep(delay)  # 模拟耗时操作
    print(f"任务 {task_name} 执行完成")
    return f"任务 {task_name} 的结果"
 
# 使用多线程执行任务
def run_with_threads(tasks):
    with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=4) as executor:
        results = executor.map(long_running_task, tasks.keys(), tasks.values())
        for result in results:
            print(result)
 
# 使用多进程执行任务
def run_with_processes(tasks):
    with ProcessPoolExecutor() as executor:
        results = {executor.submit(long_running_task, task, delay): task for task, delay in tasks.items()}
        for future in executor.as_completed(results):
            task = results[future]
            try:
                data = future.result()
                print(data)
            except Exception as e:
                print(f"任务 {task} 执行出错: {e}")
 
# 示例使用
tasks = {'task1': 2, 'task2': 4, 'task3': 6, 'task4': 8}
run_with_threads(tasks)
print("\n")
run_with_processes(tasks)

这段代码定义了一个模拟耗时任务的函数long_running_task，以及两个函数run_with_threads和run_with_processes，分别用于使用多线程和多进程并发执行这些任务。run_with_threads使用ThreadPoolExecutor来执行任务，而run_with_processes使用ProcessPoolExecutor。两个函数都通过迭代传入的任务字典来启动并执行任务，并打印出任务结果或错误信息。