TypeScript详细总结归纳！！！

TypeScript是JavaScript的一个超集，并且在JavaScript的基础上添加了一些额外的功能，比如类型注解和类型检查。这使得开发者可以在开发过程中捕捉到一些错误，而不是在运行时才发现。

以下是TypeScript的一些关键概念和语法的概要：

1. 类型注解：

let count: number = 10;
let name: string = "John";
let isDone: boolean = false;

2. 接口：

interface Person {
    name: string;
    age: number;
}
 
let john: Person = { name: "John", age: 30 };

3. 类：

class Person {
    name: string;
    age: number;
 
    constructor(name: string, age: number) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }
}
 
let john = new Person("John", 30);

4. 类型别名：

type Person = {
    name: string;
    age: number;
};
 
let john: Person = { name: "John", age: 30 };

5. 泛型：

function identity<T>(arg: T): T {
    return arg;
}
 
let output = identity<string>("Hello World");

6. 函数：

function add(x: number, y: number): number {
    return x + y;
}
 
let result = add(1, 2);

7. 箭头函数：

let multiply = (x: number, y: number): number => {
    return x * y;
};
 
let result = multiply(2, 3);

8. 类型断言：

let someValue: any = "this is a string";
let stringLength: number = (<string>someValue).length;

9. 异步函数：

async function getJson(): Promise<any> {
    let response = await fetch("http://example.com/data.json");
    return response.json();
}
 
getJson().then(data => console.log(data));

10. 修饰符：

class MyClass {
    private myNumber: number = 5;
    static myString: string = "Hello World";
 
    constructor() {
        this.myNumber = 10;
    }
 
    static myFunction() {
        return MyClass.myString;
    }
}

11. 枚举：

enum Color {
    Red = 1,
    Green = 2,
    Blue = 4
}
 
let colorName: string = Color[2];

12. 命名空间：

namespace Shapes {
    export class Triangle { /* ... */ }
    export class Square { /* ... */ }
}
 
let mySquare = new Shapes.Square();

13. Decorators（装饰器）：

function logClass(constructor: Function) {
    console.log(co