分布式 ID 的实现方案——Java全栈知识（13）

在Java中实现分布式ID生成策略，可以使用数据库、UUID、Redis、或者雪花算法(Snowflake)等方法。以下是使用Snowflake算法的一个简单示例：

public class SnowflakeIdGenerator {
    private final long twepoch = 1288834974657L;
    private final long workerIdBits = 5L;
    private final long datacenterIdBits = 5L;
    private final long maxWorkerId = -1L ^ (-1L << workerIdBits);
    private final long maxDatacenterId = -1L ^ (-1L << datacenterIdBits);
    private final long sequenceBits = 12L;
    private final long workerIdShift = sequenceBits;
    private final long datacenterIdShift = sequenceBits + workerIdBits;
    private final long timestampLeftShift = sequenceBits + workerIdBits + datacenterIdBits;
    private final long sequenceMask = -1L ^ (-1L << sequenceBits);
 
    private long workerId;
    private long datacenterId;
    private long sequence = 0L;
    private long lastTimestamp = -1L;
 
    public SnowflakeIdGenerator(long workerId, long datacenterId) {
        if (workerId > maxWorkerId || workerId < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("worker Id can't be greater than %d or less than 0");
        }
        if (datacenterId > maxDatacenterId || datacenterId < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("datacenter Id can't be greater than %d or less than 0");
        }
        this.workerId = workerId;
        this.datacenterId = datacenterId;
    }
 
    public synchronized long nextId() {
        long timestamp = timeGen();
        if (timestamp < lastTimestamp) {
            throw new RuntimeException(String.format("Clock moved backwards.  Refusing to generate id for %d milliseconds", lastTimestamp - timestamp));
        }
 
        if (lastTimestamp == timestamp) {
            sequence = (sequence + 1) & sequenceMask;
            if (sequence == 0) {
                timestamp = tilNextMillis(lastTimestamp);
            }
        } else {
            sequence = 0L;
        }
 
        lastTimestamp = timestamp;
 
        return ((timestamp - twepoch) << timestampLeftShift) |
                (datacenterId << datacenterIdShift) |
                (workerId << workerIdShift) |
                sequence;
    }
 
    protected long tilNextMillis(long lastTimestamp) {
        long timestamp = timeGen();
        while (timestamp <= lastTi