嵌入式C++、MQTT、React、Spring Boot和MongoDB：物联网工厂检测系统设计思路（代码示例）

由于这个问题涉及的是一个完整的系统设计，我们将提供一个核心函数的示例，展示如何使用MQTT客户端发布和订阅消息。

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include "MQTTClient.h"
 
// MQTT 客户端回调函数
void messageArrived(void* context, char* topicName, int topicLen, MQTTClient_message* message) {
    std::cout << "Message arrived: " << topicName << " " << message->payload << std::endl;
    MQTTClient_freeMessage(&message);
    MQTTClient_free(topicName);
}
 
int main() {
    MQTTClient client;
    MQTTClient_createOptions createOpts = MQTTClient_createOptions_initializer;
    MQTTClient_connectOptions connOpts = MQTTClient_connectOptions_initializer;
    int rc;
    MQTTClient_create(&client, "tcp://iot.eclipse.org:1883", CLIENTID, MQTTCLIENT_PERSISTENCE_NONE, NULL);
 
    createOpts.sendWhileDisconnected = 1;
    rc = MQTTClient_setCallbacks(client, NULL, NULL, messageArrived, NULL);
 
    connOpts.keepAliveInterval = 20;
    connOpts.cleansession = 1;
    connOpts.username = "use-token-auth";
    connOpts.password = "YOUR_MQTT_TOKEN";
 
    rc = MQTTClient_connect(client, &connOpts);
    if (rc != MQTTCLIENT_SUCCESS) {
        std::cout << "Failed to connect, return code " << rc << std::endl;
        MQTTClient_destroy(&client);
        return -1;
    }
 
    rc = MQTTClient_subscribe(client, "factory/telemetry", 2);
    if (rc != MQTTCLIENT_SUCCESS) {
        std::cout << "Failed to subscribe, return code " << rc << std::endl;
        MQTTClient_disconnect(client, 10000);
        MQTTClient_destroy(&client);
        return -1;
    }
 
    // 发布消息的代码示例
    MQTTClient_message pubmsg = MQTTClient_message_initializer;
    pubmsg.payload = "{\"temperature\": 22}";
    pubmsg.payloadlen = strlen(pubmsg.payload);
    pubmsg.qos = 2;
    pubmsg.retained = 0;
    rc = MQTTClient_publishMessage(client, "factory/telemetry", &pubmsg, NULL);
 
    // 处理逻辑，比如设备运行状态更新等
 
    MQTTClient_unsubscribe(client, "factory/telemetry");
    MQTTClient_disconnect(client, 10000);
    MQTTClient_destroy(&client);
    return rc;
}

这段代码展示了如何使用Eclipse 的MQTT.org服务器，连接到MQTT代理，订阅一个主题并发布消息。这是物联网系统中常见的一个操作，其中设备通过MQTT发送数据，并且服务端可以通过订阅相应的主题来接收这些数据。这个例子使用了MQTT客户端库的C++接口，展示了如何在C++中使用MQTT进行消息的发送和接收。