SpringBoot整合AES+RSA加密（含前端代码）

SpringBoot整合AES+RSA加密的核心步骤如下：

1. 生成RSA公钥和私钥。
2. 将RSA公钥提供给前端用于AES密钥的加密。
3. 前端使用RSA公钥加密AES密钥，发送给后端。
4. 后端使用RSA私钥解密获取AES密钥。
5. 使用AES密钥加密数据。

以下是SpringBoot后端的核心代码示例：

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.security.KeyPair;
import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
import java.util.Base64;
 
@RestController
public class EncryptController {
 
    private static final String AES_ALGORITHM = "AES";
    private static final String RSA_ALGORITHM = "RSA";
    private static final int AES_KEY_SIZE = 128;
 
    private KeyPair keyPair;
 
    public EncryptController() throws Exception {
        KeyPairGenerator keyGen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM);
        keyGen.initialize(2048);
        this.keyPair = keyGen.generateKeyPair();
    }
 
    @GetMapping("/publicKey")
    public String getPublicKey() {
        return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(keyPair.getPublic().getEncoded());
    }
 
    @PostMapping("/encrypt")
    public String encrypt(@RequestBody String data) throws Exception {
        // 生成AES密钥
        SecretKeySpec aesKey = generateAESKey();
        // 使用AES密钥加密数据
        String encryptedData = encryptAES(data, aesKey);
        // 使用RSA公钥加密AES密钥
        String encryptedAESKey = encryptRSA(aesKey.getEncoded(), keyPair.getPublic());
        // 返回加密后的数据和加密后的AES密钥
        return "{\"encryptedData\":\"" + encryptedData + "\",\"encryptedAESKey\":\"" + encryptedAESKey + "\"}";
    }
 
    private SecretKeySpec generateAESKey() throws Exception {
        SecretKeySpec key = new SecretKeySpec(generateRandomBytes(AES_KEY_SIZE / 8), AES_ALGORITHM);
        return key;
    }
 
    private byte[] generateRandomBytes(int length) {
        byte[] keyBytes = new byte[length];
        // 使用随机数初始化数组
        return keyBytes;
    }
 
    private String encryptAES(String data, SecretKeySpec key) throws Exception {
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(AES_ALGORITHM);
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);
        byte[] encryptedData = cipher.doFinal(data.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(encryptedData);
    }
 
    private String encryptRSA(byte[] data, java.security.PublicKey publicKey) throws Exception {
        Cipher cipher