基础程序设计（投票系统的设计）--django

以下是一个简化的投票系统设计示例，使用Django框架创建。

首先，确保安装了Django：

pip install django

然后，创建一个新的Django项目：

django-admin startproject votingsystem
cd votingsystem

接下来，创建一个新的app来处理投票逻辑：

python manage.py startapp polls

在polls/models.py中定义投票相关的模型：

from django.db import models
 
class Question(models.Model):
    question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')
 
class Choice(models.Model):
    question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)

在polls/views.py中创建视图函数来处理投票逻辑：

from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect, HttpResponse
from django.urls import reverse
from .models import Choice, Question
from django.utils import timezone
 
def index(request):
    latest_question_list = Question.objects.all()
    context = {'latest_question_list': latest_question_list}
    return render(request, 'polls/index.html', context)
 
def detail(request, question_id):
    question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
    return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {'question': question})
 
def vote(request, question_id):
    question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
    try:
        selected_choice = question.choice_set.get(pk=request.POST['choice'])
    except (KeyError, Choice.DoesNotExist):
        # Redisplay the question voting form.
        return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {
            'question': question,
            'error_message': "You didn't select a choice.",
        })
    else:
        selected_choice.votes += 1
        selected_choice.save()
        # Always return an HttpResponseRedirect after successfully dealing
        # with POST data. This prevents data from being posted twice if a
        # user hits the Back button.
        return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('polls:results', args=(question.id,)))
 
def results(request, question_id):
    question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
    return render(request, 'polls/results.html', {'question': question})

在polls/urls.py中配置URL：

from django.urls import path
from . import views
 
app_name = 'polls'
urlpatterns = [
    path('', views.index, name='index'),
    path('<int:question