分布式限流：Spring Cloud Gateway 限流

在Spring Cloud Gateway中实现分布式限流，可以使用Spring Cloud Gateway内置的请求过滤器RequestRateLimiterGatewayFilterFactory，结合Redis实现分布式限流。

1. 添加依赖（pom.xml）:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis-reactive</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>

2. 配置application.yml:

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: requestratelimiter_route
          uri: http://example.com
          filters:
            - name: RequestRateLimiter
              args:
                key-resolver: '#{@ipAddressKeyResolver}'
                redis-rate-limiter.replenishRate: 1 # 每秒填充平均速率
                redis-rate-limiter.burstCapacity: 3 # 限流容量
    redis:
      host: localhost
      port: 6379

3. 配置限流策略的KeyResolver:

@Configuration
public class GatewayConfig {
 
    @Bean
    public KeyResolver ipAddressKeyResolver() {
        return exchange -> Mono.just(exchange.getRequest().getRemoteAddress().getHostName());
    }
}

这样配置后，每个IP地址访问路由时都会受到限流管理，每秒只允许1个请求通过，超过限制的请求会被拦截。

注意：RequestRateLimiterGatewayFilterFactory是依赖于Hystrix的，因此确保已经添加了spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix依赖。