django框架向DRF框架演变过程详解

Django REST framework (DRF) 是一种用于构建Web API的强大工具，它是Django的扩展，提供了很多强大的功能。以下是从Django向Django REST framework演变的基本步骤：

1. 安装Django REST framework:

pip install djangorestframework

2. 将应用添加到Django的settings.py文件中:

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    # ...
    'rest_framework',
]

3. 设置Django REST framework在settings.py中:

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    # 使用Django的认证系统
    'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': [
        'rest_framework.authentication.SessionAuthentication',
        'rest_framework.authentication.BasicAuthentication',
    ],
    # 使用Django的权限系统
    'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': [
        'rest_framework.permissions.IsAuthenticated',
    ],
    # 使用Django的限流系统
    'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES': [
        'rest_framework.throttling.AnonRateThrottle',
        'rest_framework.throttling.UserRateThrottle',
    ],
    # 在Django REST framework中配置的全局异常处理
    'EXCEPTION_HANDLER': 'rest_framework.exceptions.exception_handler',
}

4. 创建序列化器（Serializer）来定义API的数据表示:

from rest_framework import serializers
from myapp.models import MyModel
 
class MyModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = MyModel
        fields = '__all__'

5. 使用视图（Views）来处理HTTP请求:

from rest_framework import generics
from myapp.models import MyModel
from myapp.serializers import MyModelSerializer
 
class MyModelListView(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
    queryset = MyModel.objects.all()
    serializer_class = MyModelSerializer
 
class MyModelDetailView(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
    queryset = MyModel.objects.all()
    serializer_class = MyModelSerializer

6. 将视图添加到urls.py中:

from django.urls import path
from myapp.views import MyModelListView, MyModelDetailView
 
urlpatterns = [
    path('mymodel/', MyModelListView.as_view()),
    path('mymodel/<int:pk>/', MyModelDetailView.as_view()),
]

以上步骤为从Django向Django REST framework演变的基本过程，实际应用中可能需要根据具体需求进行更复杂的配置和编码。