消息队列中间件 - 详解RabbitMQ6种模式

RabbitMQ是一种流行的开源消息队列系统，用于通信系统的可靠传递，异步处理以及资源的扩展。RabbitMQ支持多种消息模式，以下是其中的六种：

1. 简单模式（Simple）
2. 工作队列模式（Work Queue）
3. 发布/订阅模式（Publish/Subscribe）
4. 路由模式（Routing）
5. 主题模式（Topics）
6. RPC模式（RPC）

以下是Python中使用pika库的RabbitMQ客户端代码示例：

1. 简单模式：

生产者：

import pika
 
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
 
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')
 
channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
                      routing_key='hello',
                      body='Hello World!')
print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'")
 
connection.close()

消费者：

import pika
 
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
 
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')
 
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(f" [x] Received {body}")
 
channel.basic_consume(queue='hello', on_message_callback=callback, auto_ack=True)
 
print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()

2. 工作队列模式：

多个消费者竞争模式：

import pika
 
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
 
channel.queue_declare(queue='task_queue', durable=True)
 
message = 'Hello World!'
channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
                      routing_key='task_queue',
                      body=message,
                      properties=pika.BasicProperties(
                          delivery_mode=2,  # make message persistent
                      ))
print(f" [x] Sent {message}")
 
connection.close()

消费者：

import pika
import time
 
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
 
channel.queue_declare(queue='task_queue', durable=True)
 
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(f" [x] Received {body}")
    time.sleep(body.count(b'.'))
    print(f" [x] Done")
    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag)
 
channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)
channel.basic_consume(queue='task_queue', on_message_callback=callback)
 
print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consumi