【延伸学习】TS（JS）类的继承（prototype、call、apply，extends）

// 基类
class Animal {
  name: string;
 
  constructor(name: string) {
    this.name = name;
  }
 
  move(distanceInMeters: number = 0) {
    console.log(`${this.name} moved ${distanceInMeters}m.`);
  }
}
 
// 继承自Animal的子类
class Dog extends Animal {
  bark() {
    console.log('Woof!');
  }
}
 
// 使用prototype属性实现继承
function Animal() {
  this.name = 'Animal';
}
 
Animal.prototype.move = function(distanceInMeters: number) {
  console.log(`${this.name} moved ${distanceInMeters}m.`);
};
 
Dog.prototype = Object.create(Animal.prototype);
Dog.prototype.constructor = Dog;
 
const dog = new Dog();
dog.name = 'Buddy';
dog.bark = function() { console.log('Woof!'); };
dog.move(10);
 
// 使用call或apply调用父类构造函数
class Cat extends Animal {
  constructor(name: string) {
    super.constructor.call(this, name);
  }
 
  meow() {
    console.log('Meow!');
  }
}
 
const cat = new Cat('Kitty');
cat.move(5);
 
// TypeScript中的extends关键字也可以用于接口继承
interface Animal {
  name: string;
  move: (distanceInMeters: number) => void;
}
 
interface Dog extends Animal {
  bark: () => void;
}
 
// 实现接口
const dog: Dog = {
  name: 'Rex',
  move: (distanceInMeters = 0) => {
    console.log(`${dog.name} moved ${distanceInMeters}m.`);
  },
  bark: () => {
    console.log('Woof!');
  },
};

这个代码示例展示了如何在TypeScript中使用类继承、prototype属性以及call和apply方法来实现继承。同时，也演示了如何在TypeScript中使用接口来实现多态行为。