Django:中间件,源码分析中间件
Django中间件是一个轻量级的插件系统,可以介入Django的请求和响应处理过程,修改Django的输入或输出。
Django中间件的定义包含四个方法:__init__
, process_request
, process_view
, 和 process_response
。
__init__
: 用于初始化中间件。process_request
: 在请求到达视图函数之前调用。如果返回None,则继续处理;如果返回HttpResponse对象,则中止处理,并返回该响应。process_view
: 在请求到达视图函数之前调用。如果返回None,继续处理;如果返回HttpResponse对象,中止处理,并返回该响应。process_response
: 在视图函数处理完请求后,返回响应之前调用。返回值必须是HttpResponse对象。
例子:
# middlewares.py
class SimpleMiddleware:
def __init__(self, get_response):
self.get_response = get_response
# One-time configuration and initialization.
def __call__(self, request):
# Code to be executed for each request before
# the view (and other middleware) are called.
response = self.get_response(request)
# Code to be executed for each request/response after
# the view is called.
return response
def process_request(self, request):
# Code to be executed before processing the request.
pass
def process_view(self, request, view_func, view_args, view_kwargs):
# Code to be executed before the view function is called.
pass
def process_response(self, request, response):
# Code to be executed after the view function is called.
return response
在settings.py
中添加中间件:
MIDDLEWARE = [
# ...
'path.to.middlewares.SimpleMiddleware',
# ...
]
以上是一个简单的中间件示例,实现了中间件的基本结构,并展示了如何在Django项目中注册和使用它。
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