Go网络爬虫
package main
import (
"fmt"
"net/http"
"os"
"strings"
"sync"
)
var (
rootURL = "http://example.com"
wg sync.WaitGroup
seen = make(map[string]bool)
mu sync.Mutex
)
func crawl(url string, depth int, fetcher Fetcher) {
if depth <= 0 {
return
}
body, urls, err := fetcher.Fetch(url)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
return
}
fmt.Printf("found: %s %q\n", url, body)
for _, u := range urls {
if strings.HasPrefix(u, "http") {
u = strings.TrimPrefix(u, "/")
}
if !seen[u] {
seen[u] = true
wg.Add(1)
go crawl(u, depth-1, fetcher)
}
}
wg.Done()
}
type Fetcher interface {
Fetch(url string) (body string, urls []string, err error)
}
func (f *httpFetcher) Fetch(url string) (string, []string, error) {
resp, err := http.Get(url)
if err != nil {
return "", nil, err
}
if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("bad status code: %s", resp.Status)
}
defer resp.Body.Close()
bodyBytes, err := os.ReadAll(resp.Body)
if err != nil {
return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("os read error: %v", err)
}
bodyStr := string(bodyBytes)
urls, err := extractUrls(bodyStr)
if err != nil {
return "", nil, err
}
return bodyStr, urls, nil
}
func extractUrls(s string) ([]string, error) {
// 这里应该实现一个正则表达式来提取URLs
return []string{}, nil
}
type httpFetcher struct{}
func main() {
wg.Add(1)
go crawl(rootURL, 4, &httpFetcher{})
wg.Wait()
}
这个代码实例提供了一个简化的网络爬虫实现,使用Go语言编写。它定义了一个crawl
函数,该函数递归地访问网页,并通过Fetcher
接口来获取页面内容和页面中的链接,以便进一步爬取。httpFetcher
结构体实现了Fetcher
接口,通过HTTP协议获取网页内容。这个例子省略了URL提取的部分,你需要根据实际情况实现一个能够从网页内容中提取URLs的算法。
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