【Java程序员面试专栏 分布式中间件】ElasticSearch 核心面试指引

在ElasticSearch中，你可能会被问到以下几个方面的问题：

1. 集群健康状态
2. 索引管理
3. 分析查询性能
4. 数据迁移和恢复
5. 安全配置

以下是针对这些问题的简要解答和示例代码：

1. 集群健康状态:

// 使用Elasticsearch RestClient
RestClient client = RestClient.builder(new HttpHost("localhost", 9200, "http")).build();
 
HttpGet request = new HttpGet("/_cluster/health");
Response response = client.performRequest(request);
String healthStatus = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
 
System.out.println(healthStatus);

2. 索引管理:

// 创建索引
HttpPut createIndexRequest = new HttpPut("/my_index");
Response response = client.performRequest(createIndexRequest);
 
// 删除索引
HttpDelete deleteIndexRequest = new HttpDelete("/my_index");
Response response = client.performRequest(deleteIndexRequest);

3. 分析查询性能:

// 使用Elasticsearch SQL功能分析查询
HttpPost explainRequest = new HttpPost("/_sql?format=txt");
explainRequest.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
String jsonBody = "{\"query\": \"SELECT * FROM my_index LIMIT 10\"}";
StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(jsonBody);
explainRequest.setEntity(entity);
 
Response response = client.performRequest(explainRequest);
String explainResult = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
 
System.out.println(explainResult);

4. 数据迁移和恢复:

// 使用Elasticsearch Repository进行数据迁移
RestHighLevelClient client = new RestHighLevelClient(...);
 
GetSourceRequest getSourceRequest = new GetSourceRequest();
getSourceRequest.index("my_index");
getSourceRequest.id("my_id");
 
GetSourceResponse response = client.getSource(getSourceRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
 
Map<String, Object> source = response.getSource();
// 处理source数据，例如转存到另一个Elasticsearch集群

5. 安全配置:

// 设置Elasticsearch节点的安全性
RestClientBuilder builder = RestClient.builder(new HttpHost("localhost", 9200, "http"))
        .setHttpClientConfigCallback(new RestClientBuilder.HttpClientConfigCallback() {
            @Override
            public HttpAsyncClientBuilder customizeHttpClient(HttpAsyncClientBuilder httpClientBuilder) {
                return httpClientBuilder.setDefaultCredentialsProvider(new BasicCredentialsProvider());
            }
        });
 
RestClient client = build