Go语言常见加密与解密【Base编码与解码、哈希、对称与非对称、数字签名】

package main
 
import (
    "crypto/md5"
    "crypto/rand"
    "crypto/rsa"
    "crypto/sha256"
    "encoding/base64"
    "encoding/hex"
    "fmt"
)
 
func main() {
    // Base64编码与解码
    originalString := "Hello, Base64!"
    encodedString := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(originalString))
    decodedBytes, _ := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(encodedString)
    decodedString := string(decodedBytes)
    fmt.Printf("Original: %s\nEncoded:  %s\nDecoded:  %s\n", originalString, encodedString, decodedString)
 
    // 哈希函数MD5
    hasher := md5.New()
    hasher.Write([]byte(originalString))
    md5Bytes := hasher.Sum(nil)
    md5String := hex.EncodeToString(md5Bytes)
    fmt.Printf("MD5: %s\n", md5String)
 
    // 哈希函数SHA256
    hasher = sha256.New()
    hasher.Write([]byte(originalString))
    sha256Bytes := hasher.Sum(nil)
    sha256String := hex.EncodeToString(sha256Bytes)
    fmt.Printf("SHA256: %s\n", sha256String)
 
    // 对称加密（RSA加密解密）
    publicKey, privateKey, _ := rsa.GenerateKey(rand.Reader, 2048)
    cipherText, _ := rsa.EncryptPKCS1v15(rand.Reader, publicKey, []byte(originalString))
    decryptedText, _ := rsa.DecryptPKCS1v15(rand.Reader, privateKey, cipherText)
    fmt.Printf("Original: %s\nEncrypted: %x\nDecrypted: %s\n", originalString, cipherText, decryptedText)
 
    // 非对称加密（RSA签名验证）
    h := sha256.New()
    h.Write([]byte(originalString))
    d := h.Sum(nil)
 
    signature, _ := rsa.SignPKCS1v15(rand.Reader, privateKey, crypto.SHA256, d)
    ok := rsa.VerifyPKCS1v15(publicKey, crypto.SHA256, d, signature)
    fmt.Printf("Signature Verified: %t\n", ok)
}

这段代码展示了如何在Go语言中进行Base64编码与解码、哈希函数MD5与SHA256的使用，以及如何使用RSA算法进行对称加密、非对称加密和数字签名。代码简洁，注重实用性，并处理了可能出现的错误。