基于websocket+Redis的实时聊天系统
以下是一个简单的基于websocket和Redis的实时聊天系统的Python示例代码。
首先,安装必要的库:
pip install channels==3.0.4 django==3.1.5 redis==3.5.3
在你的Django项目的settings.py
中添加以下配置:
# settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [
# ...
'channels',
'chat', # 假设你的应用名为chat
]
# Channel layer settings
CHANNEL_LAYERS = {
'default': {
'BACKEND': 'channels_redis.core.RedisChannelLayer',
'CONFIG': {
"hosts": [('127.0.0.1', 6379)],
},
},
}
在你的应用目录中创建routing.py
文件,并添加以下内容:
# chat/routing.py
from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter, URLRouter
from django.urls import path
from .consumers import chat_consumer
websocket_urlpatterns = [
path('ws/chat/', chat_consumer),
]
channel_routing = ProtocolTypeRouter({
"websocket": URLRouter(websocket_urlpatterns),
})
在你的应用目录中创建consumers.py
文件,并添加以下内容:
# chat/consumers.py
import json
from channels.generic.websocket import AsyncWebsocketConsumer
from asgiref.sync import async_to_sync
class ChatConsumer(AsyncWebsocketConsumer):
async def connect(self):
await self.channel_layer.group_add('chat', self.channel_name)
await self.accept()
async def disconnect(self, close_code):
await self.channel_layer.group_discard('chat', self.channel_name)
async def receive(self, text_data):
text_data_json = json.loads(text_data)
message = text_data_json['message']
await self.channel_layer.group_send(
'chat',
{
'type': 'chat_message',
'message': message,
}
)
async def chat_message(self, event):
message = event['message']
await self.send(text_data=json.dumps({
'message': message
}))
在你的主urls.py文件中导入和添加websocket路由:
# your_project/urls.py
from django.urls import path, include
urlpatterns = [
# ...
path('ws/', include('chat.routing')),
]
这个简单的聊天系统使用了Django Channels库,通过websocket和Redis来实现实时通信。当WebSocket连接建立时,客户端被加入到名为'chat'的群组中。发送的消息被群组中的所有客户端接收。
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