《mysql篇》--查询(进阶)
在MySQL中,进行复杂查询通常涉及JOIN操作、子查询、聚合函数和条件表达式等。以下是一些进阶查询的例子:
- 使用JOIN来结合多个表的数据:
SELECT employees.name, departments.department_name
FROM employees
JOIN departments ON employees.department_id = departments.id;
- 使用子查询来提取满足特定条件的记录:
SELECT name
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = (SELECT id FROM departments WHERE department_name = 'Sales');
- 使用聚合函数(如COUNT、SUM、AVG)进行数据汇总:
SELECT order_date, COUNT(*) AS total_orders
FROM orders
GROUP BY order_date
ORDER BY total_orders DESC;
- 使用条件表达式(CASE WHEN THEN ELSE END)进行复杂的列计算:
SELECT name,
salary,
CASE
WHEN salary > 50000 THEN 'High'
WHEN salary BETWEEN 30000 AND 50000 THEN 'Medium'
ELSE 'Low'
END AS salary_level
FROM employees;
- 使用LIMIT来限制查询结果的数量:
SELECT name
FROM employees
ORDER BY salary DESC
LIMIT 5;
- 使用EXISTS关键字检查子查询是否返回记录:
SELECT name
FROM employees
WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM orders WHERE orders.employee_id = employees.id);
这些例子展示了如何在MySQL中执行更复杂的数据库查询操作。
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