python requests最全使用指南

Python的requests库是一个非常强大的工具，它允许你发送HTTP请求并获取服务器的响应。以下是requests库的一些常见用法：

1. 发送GET请求

import requests
 
response = requests.get('https://api.github.com/some/endpoint')
print(response.json())

2. 发送POST请求

import requests
 
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
response = requests.post('https://api.github.com/some/endpoint', data=payload)
print(response.json())

3. 发送带有参数的GET请求

import requests
 
params = {'param1': 'value1', 'param2': 'value2'}
response = requests.get('https://api.github.com/some/endpoint', params=params)
print(response.json())

4. 发送JSON数据的POST请求

import requests
import json
 
data = json.dumps({'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'})
headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
response = requests.post('https://api.github.com/some/endpoint', data=data, headers=headers)
print(response.json())

5. 发送带有认证的请求

import requests
 
response = requests.get('https://api.github.com/some/endpoint', auth=('user', 'pass'))
print(response.json())

6. 使用会话对象

import requests
 
s = requests.Session()
 
s.auth = ('user', 'pass')
r = s.get('https://api.github.com/some/endpoint')
print(r.json())

7. 处理请求和响应

import requests
 
response = requests.get('https://api.github.com/some/endpoint')
 
print(response.status_code)  # 打印状态码
print(response.headers)      # 打印响应头
print(response.url)          # 打印请求的URL
print(response.history)      # 打印重定向历史记录列表

8. 处理cookies

import requests
 
response = requests.get('https://api.github.com/some/endpoint')
print(response.cookies)

9. 超时和异常处理

import requests
 
try:
    response = requests.get('https://api.github.com/some/endpoint', timeout=0.01)
except requests.exceptions.Timeout:
    print('请求超时')

10. 文件上传

import requests
 
files = {'file': open('report.xls', 'rb')}
response = requests.post('https://api.github.com/some/endpoint', files=files)

11. 使用响应内容

import requests
 
response = requests.get('https://api.github.com/some/endpoint')
print(response.text)  # 以文本格式打印内容
print(response.content)  #