Django REST framework (DRF) 是一种用于构建Web API的强大工具，它是Django的扩展，提供了很多强大的功能。以下是从Django向Django REST framework演变的基本步骤：
- 安装Django REST framework:
pip install djangorestframework
- 将应用添加到Django的
settings.py文件中:
INSTALLED_APPS = [
# ...
'rest_framework',
]
- 设置Django REST framework在
settings.py中:
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
# 使用Django的认证系统
'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': [
'rest_framework.authentication.SessionAuthentication',
'rest_framework.authentication.BasicAuthentication',
],
# 使用Django的权限系统
'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': [
'rest_framework.permissions.IsAuthenticated',
],
# 使用Django的限流系统
'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES': [
'rest_framework.throttling.AnonRateThrottle',
'rest_framework.throttling.UserRateThrottle',
],
# 在Django REST framework中配置的全局异常处理
'EXCEPTION_HANDLER': 'rest_framework.exceptions.exception_handler',
}
- 创建序列化器（Serializer）来定义API的数据表示:
from rest_framework import serializers
from myapp.models import MyModel
class MyModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = MyModel
fields = '__all__'
- 使用视图（Views）来处理HTTP请求:
from rest_framework import generics
from myapp.models import MyModel
from myapp.serializers import MyModelSerializer
class MyModelListView(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
queryset = MyModel.objects.all()
serializer_class = MyModelSerializer
class MyModelDetailView(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
queryset = MyModel.objects.all()
serializer_class = MyModelSerializer
- 将视图添加到
urls.py中:
from django.urls import path
from myapp.views import MyModelListView, MyModelDetailView
urlpatterns = [
path('mymodel/', MyModelListView.as_view()),
path('mymodel/<int:pk>/', MyModelDetailView.as_view()),
]
以上步骤为从Django向Django REST framework演变的基本过程，实际应用中可能需要根据具体需求进行更复杂的配置和编码。